Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is almost always caused by an underlying disease, but the source of that disease varies widely around the world and includes the hepatitis B virus (HBV), poor diet, inactivity, and fungal toxins.
For each of these, public health initiatives have the potential to make a difference: vaccines can prevent HBV, improved health practices can slow or even stop the progression of fatty liver disease, and better agricultural practices and storage conditions can limit fungal growth.
Signs and Symptoms
If you have one or more of the symptoms below, it doesn’t mean you have liver cancer. Often, the signs and symptoms of liver cancer do not appear until the disease is in more advanced stages, although they can sometimes appear earlier.
- Weight loss (without trying to lose weight)
- Loss of appetite
- Feeling of fullness after eating little
- Nausea or vomiting
- An enlarged liver (bulge under the ribs on the right side).
- An enlarged spleen (bulge under the ribs on the left side).
- Pain in the abdomen (belly) or near the right shoulder blade
- Swelling or fluid buildup in the abdomen
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).
Treatments
Surgical resection remains the most effective treatment modality for patients with tumors in the liver, such as colorectal cancer with liver metastases (CRLM) and in selected cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment of liver cancer patients is complex, often involving a combination of modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and some form of ablative method.
Targeted cancer treatment
Radiofrequency Ablation, Microwave Ablation and Cryoablation are widely used in clinical practice, mainly as an adjunct to surgery or for small tumors in selected patients unfit for surgery. They are recommended both for the treatment of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and for liver metastases (Glazer et al., AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2017).
Irreversible Electroporation offers high local tumor control, and appears to be a safe ablative modality, in the treatment of a carefully selected group of patients with liver tumors near or surrounding vital structures (Fr€uhling et al., Eur J Surg Oncol. 2017).
Thermal ablation is primarily used for the treatment of small, unresectable tumors, for patients who have been resistant to chemo/radiotherapy treatment or who are NOT surgical candidates, such as:
- Obese patients
- Patients with chronic diseases (diabetes, hypertension, cirrhosis, etc.)
- Patients who cannot have general anesthesia
- Patients with severe heart disease
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